priors.science/reviews/creatine

Creatine

The current evidence on 11 claims, ordered from most established to most contested. Each score is the panel’s evidence certainty: how firmly the literature supports the claim as stated.

12claims tracked
11assessed
100primary papers reviewed
26 Oct 2026latest evidence review
1 Established · 3 Likely · 4 Uncertain · 2 Doubtful · 1 Refuted  |  four-reviewer panel · PICO Framework
ClaimStandingEvidence certaintyCorpus
Creatine increases strengthStrengthEstablished86%11
Creatine in older adultsAgeingLikely74%11
Creatine aids high-intensity workStrengthLikely74%9
Early weight gain is waterMassLikely73%10
Creatine and sleep deprivationCognitionUncertain60%10thin basis
Creatine increases lean massMassLong-standingUncertain60%9
Creatine and depressionClinicalLong-standingUncertain57%11
Creatine and bone healthAgeingLong-standingUncertain52%9
Creatine and cognitionCognitionDoubtful45%11
Creatine in muscular dystrophyClinicalDoubtful37%9thin basis
No kidney harm in healthy adultsSafetyLong-standingRefuted15%10
Track Creatine.
These claims are re-checked against new research as it is published. Track this topic for the full review, including each claim’s challenge and the papers behind it.
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Standing: what the evidence certainty means
Established≥ 85%Strong, consistent evidence. Unlikely to change.
Likely70–84%Well supported, with some gaps or indirect evidence.
Uncertain50–69%Mixed or limited evidence. Genuinely open.
Doubtful30–49%Little support; the weight of evidence leans against it.
Refuted< 30%The evidence contradicts it. Confidently false as stated.
A standing changes only when the score moves past a boundary by more than 4 points, the re-scoring noise floor; a score within 4 points of a boundary keeps its previous standing.
Where the evidence sits in time
Long-standingMost of this evidence is older than the rest of this field.