priors.science/reviews/ctla-4-inhibitors

CTLA-4 Inhibitors

The current evidence on 12 claims, ordered from most established to most contested. Each score is the panel’s evidence certainty — how firmly the literature supports the claim as stated.

12claims tracked

5 May 2026latest evidence review

Weeklyre-scored against new papers

6 Established · 6 Likely · 0 Uncertain · 0 Doubtful | four-reviewer panel · PICO Framework

SignalClaimStandingEvidence certaintyCorpus

StableIpilimumab improves overall survival in previously treated advanced melanomaIpilimumab MelanomaEstablished92%—

StableCTLA-4 inhibitors cause substantially higher grade 3 or greater immune-related adverse events than PD-1 inhibitorsCtla4 ToxicityEstablished92%—

StableNivolumab plus ipilimumab improves overall survival versus sunitinib in first-line renal cell carcinomaCombination Ctla4 PD1Established90%—

StableNivolumab plus ipilimumab improves survival versus PD-1 monotherapy in advanced melanomaCombination Ctla4 PD1Established89%—

StableIpilimumab achieves durable long-term survivalIpilimumab MelanomaEstablished89%—

StableIpilimumab causes distinct colitis and hypophysitisCtla4 ToxicityEstablished89%—

StableNivolumab plus ipilimumab improves overall survival versus chemotherapy in first-line NSCLCCombination Ctla4 PD1Likely84%—

StableAdjuvant ipilimumab reduces melanoma recurrenceIpilimumab MelanomaLikely84%—

StableTremelimumab plus durvalumab improves overall survival versus sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinomaTremelimumabLikely84%—

StableCTLA-4 blockade depletes intratumoral regulatory T cells to enhance antitumour immunityMechanism BiomarkersLikely80%—

StableTumour mutational burden predicts benefit from CTLA-4 inhibitor combination immunotherapyMechanism BiomarkersLikely76%—

StableTremelimumab has limited single-agent antitumour activityTremelimumabLikely75%—

Standing — what the evidence certainty means

Established≥ 85%Strong, consistent evidence. Unlikely to change.

Likely65–84%Well supported, with some gaps or indirect evidence.

Uncertain40–64%Mixed or limited evidence. Genuinely open.

Doubtful15–39%Little support; the weight of evidence leans against it.

Refuted< 15%The evidence contradicts it — confidently false as stated.

Recent signal

strengthenedNew evidence raised the certainty since the last review.

weakenedNew evidence lowered the certainty since the last review.

newA claim added to the review recently.

StableNo recent change to the standing.

Standing, evidence certainty and corpus are always shown. The study behind each move, why it moved, and the sceptic’s challenge are delivered to subscribers.

Update your priors.Track this topic